英漢對照分子生物學(xué)導(dǎo)論（第三版）

Introduction 緒論1
Chapter1Amino Acids to Proteins 第1章從氨基酸到蛋白質(zhì)5
1.1Protein Composition 1.1蛋白質(zhì)的組成5
1.2Protein Conformations 1.2蛋白質(zhì)的構(gòu)象8
1.2.1Describing Protein Structure 1.2.1描述蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)9
1.2.2Chemical and Physical Basis for Protein Folding 1.2.2蛋白質(zhì)折疊的化學(xué)和物理基礎(chǔ)13
1.3Protein Structure and Function：A Few Examples 1.3蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能：幾個例子16
1.4The Dynamics of Proteins 1.4蛋白質(zhì)動力學(xué)18
1.5Experiments 1.5實驗研究21
Summary 小結(jié)21
Vocabulary 詞匯22
Review Questions 習(xí)題23
Exploration Questions 思考題23
Chapter2Nucleic Acids 第2章核酸24
2.1Properties of a Genetic Material 2.1遺傳物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)24
2.2Nucleic Acids and DNA structure 2.2核酸與DNA結(jié)構(gòu)25
2.2.1Nucleotides 2.2.1核苷酸25
2.2.2General Structure of Nucleic Acids 2.2.2核酸的一般結(jié)構(gòu)27
2.2.3Structure of DNA 2.2.3DNA的結(jié)構(gòu)30
2.3Molecular Identification 2.3分子鑒定33
2.3.1Identification of DNA Molecules 2.3.1DNA分子鑒定33
2.3.2Identification of RNA Molecules 2.3.2RNA分子鑒定35
2.4DNA as the Genetic Material 2.4DNA作為遺傳物質(zhì)37
2.5DNA in the Cell 2.5細胞中的DNA38
2.6RNA(Ribonucleic Acid) 2.6RNA（核糖核酸）40
2.7Experiments 2.7實驗研究42
Summary 小結(jié)44
Vocabulary 詞匯44
Review Questions 習(xí)題45
Exploration Questions 思考題46
Chapter3Transcription in Prokaryotes:Mechanism and Regulation 第3章原核生物轉(zhuǎn)錄：機理與調(diào)控47
3.1Why Use an RNA Intermediate 3.1為什么使用RNA作為中間物47
3.2Mechanism of Transcription 3.2轉(zhuǎn)錄機理49
3.2.1Promoters 3.2.1啟動子49
3.2.2RNA Polymerase 3.2.2RNA聚合酶51
3.2.3Transcription Mechanism in Three Phases 3.2.3轉(zhuǎn)錄機理的三個階段53
3.3Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 3.3原核生物基因表達調(diào)控58
3.3.1Coordinate Regulation 3.3.1協(xié)同調(diào)控59
3.3.2The Lac Operon 3.3.2乳糖操縱子61
3.3.3The Trp Operon 3.3.3色氨酸操縱子64
3.3.4Ara and Gal Operons 3.3.4阿拉伯糖與半乳糖操縱子70
3.4Experiments 3.4實驗研究72
Summary 小結(jié)76
Vocabulary 詞匯77
Review Questions 習(xí)題78
Exploration Questions 思考題79
Chapter4Transcription in Eukaryotes:Mechanism and Regulation 第4章真核生物轉(zhuǎn)錄：機理與調(diào)控80
4.1Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases 4.1真核生物RNA聚合酶80
4.2Eukaryotic Promoters 4.2真核生物啟動子82
4.3General Transcription Factors and Initiation 4.3通用轉(zhuǎn)錄因子與轉(zhuǎn)錄起始83
4.3.1TFⅡD 4.3.1TFⅡD84
4.3.2Other TFⅡs 4.3.2其他TFⅡs86
4.3.3General Transcription Factors for RNA Polymerase Ⅰ and Ⅲ 4.3.3RNA聚合酶Ⅰ和Ⅲ的通用轉(zhuǎn)錄因子86
4.4Specific Transcription Factors and Transcriptional Regulation 4.4特異轉(zhuǎn)錄因子與轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控88
4.4.1Activators 4.4.1激活蛋白89
4.4.2Repressors 4.4.2阻遏蛋白91
4.4.3Enhancers and Silencers 4.4.3增強子和沉默子91
4.5Structures of Specific Transcription Factors 4.5特異轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的結(jié)構(gòu)93
4.5.1DNA-Binding Motifs in Prokaryotes 4.5.1原核生物DNA結(jié)合基序94
4.5.2DNA-Binding Motifs in Eukaryotes 4.5.2真核生物DNA結(jié)合基序95
4.6Experiments 4.6實驗研究97
4.6.1RNA Polymerase Targets 4.6.1RNA聚合酶的目標(biāo)97
4.6.2Modularity of Specific Transcription Factors 4.6.2特異轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的模塊化98
Summary 小結(jié)99
Vocabulary 詞匯100
Review Questions 習(xí)題100
Exploration Questions 思考題101
Chapter5mRNA Modifications in Eukaryotes 第5章真核生物mRNA的修飾102
5.1Capping 5.1加帽102
5.2Polyadenylation 5.2聚腺苷酸化104
5.3Splicing 5.3剪接106
5.3.1The Basic Splicing Reaction 5.3.1基本的剪接反應(yīng)106
5.3.2Proteins Involved in Splicing 5.3.2在剪接中發(fā)揮作用的蛋白質(zhì)108
5.3.3Self-Splicing 5.3.3自我剪接110
5.3.4Trans-Splicing 5.3.4反式剪接111
5.3.5Reasons for Introns 5.3.5內(nèi)含子存在的原因113
5.4mRNA Editing 5.4mRNA編輯115
5.5Experiments 5.5實驗研究118
Summary 小結(jié)120
Vocabulary 詞匯120
Review Questions 習(xí)題120
Exploration Questions 思考題121
Chapter6Translation 第6章翻譯122
6.1The Genetic Code 6.1遺傳密碼122
6.2Mechanism of Translation in Prokaryotes 6.2原核生物翻譯機理125
6.2.1Initiation 6.2.1起始125
6.2.2Elongation 6.2.2延伸128
6.2.3Termination 6.2.3終止132
6.3Translation in Eukaryotes 6.3真核生物翻譯132
6.4tRNA Structure and Wobble 6.4tRNA的結(jié)構(gòu)與搖擺136
6.4.1Anti-codons 6.4.1反密碼子137
6.4.2Wobble 6.4.2搖擺139
6.5Experiments 6.5實驗研究140
6.5.1Deciphering the Genetic Code 6.5.1破譯遺傳密碼140
6.5.2Direction of Translation 6.5.2翻譯的方向141
Summary 小結(jié)142
Vocabulary 詞匯143
Review Questions 習(xí)題143
Exploration Questions 思考題144
Chapter7Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 第7章真核生物基因表達調(diào)控145
7.1Histones and Transcriptional Regulation 7.1組蛋白與轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控146
7.1.1Histones and DNA Organization 7.1.1組蛋白與DNA組織146
7.1.2Histones and Transcription 7.1.2組蛋白與轉(zhuǎn)錄149
7.1.3Covalent Modification of Histones 7.1.3組蛋白的共價修飾151
7.1.4Proteins that Recognize and Modify Histones 7.1.4識別和修飾組蛋白的蛋白質(zhì)153
7.2Post-Transcriptional Regulation 7.2轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)控156
7.3Nuclear Export 7.3細胞核輸出158
7.4RNA Stability 7.4RNA穩(wěn)定性160
7.4.1mRNA Stability Regulation by Proteins 7.4.1蛋白質(zhì)調(diào)控mRNA穩(wěn)定性160
7.4.2mRNA Stability Regulation by Small RNAs 7.4.2小RNA調(diào)控mRNA穩(wěn)定性163
7.5Translational Control 7.5翻譯調(diào)控165
7.5.1Global Control 7.5.1全局控制166
7.5.2mRNA-Specific Control 7.5.2mRNA特異性控制167
7.6mRNA Localization 7.6mRNA定位170
7.7Protein Regulation 7.7蛋白質(zhì)調(diào)控172
7.8Experiments 7.8實驗研究172
7.8.1Beads-on-a-string Structure 7.8.1線珠結(jié)構(gòu)172
7.8.2Repression of Gene Expression in Heterochromatin 7.8.2異染色質(zhì)中基因表達的抑制174
Summary 小結(jié)174
Vocabulary 詞匯175
Review Questions 習(xí)題176
Exploration Questions 思考題177
Chapter8DNA Replication 第8章DNA復(fù)制178
8.1Semi-Conservative Replication 8.1半保留復(fù)制178
8.2Initiation of Replication 8.2復(fù)制的起始179
8.3Semi-Discontinuous Replication 8.3半不連續(xù)復(fù)制181
8.4Elongation of Replication and its Proteins 8.4復(fù)制延伸及其相關(guān)蛋白184
8.4.1Helicase and SSBs 8.4.1解旋酶與SSB184
8.4.2DNA Polymerases 8.4.2DNA聚合酶185
8.4.3Explanation for 3′→5′Synthesis 8.4.3關(guān)于3′→5′合成188
8.4.4Primers 8.4.4引物191
8.5DNA Topology 8.5DNA拓撲學(xué)193
8.6DNA Replication in Eukaryotes 8.6真核生物DNA復(fù)制195
8.6.1Initiation of DNA Replication in Eukaryotes 8.6.1真核生物DNA復(fù)制起始197
8.6.2Telomeres 8.6.2端粒199
8.7Experiments 8.7實驗研究200
Summary 小結(jié)203
Vocabulary 詞匯203
Review Questions 習(xí)題203
Exploration Questions 思考題204
Chapter9Mutations and Mutation Repair 第9章突變與突變修復(fù)205
9.1DNA Damage and Mutations 9.1DNA損傷與突變205
9.2Point Mutations 9.2點突變206
9.2.1Mismatched Base 9.2.1錯配的堿基206
9.2.2Spontaneous Mutations 9.2.2自發(fā)突變207
9.2.3Induced Mutations 9.2.3誘發(fā)突變209
9.3Insertions and Deletions 9.3插入和缺失213
9.3.1Strand Slippage 9.3.1鏈滑動213
9.3.2Transposons 9.3.2轉(zhuǎn)座子214
9.3.3Intercalating Agents 9.3.3嵌入劑215
9.4Large-Scale DNA Changes 9.4大規(guī)模DNA變化216
9.5Consequences of DNA Mutations 9.5DNA突變的后果217
9.5.1Consequences of Point Mutations 9.5.1點突變的后果217
9.5.2Consequences of Insertions and Deletions 9.5.2插入和缺失的后果219
9.5.3Consequences of Translocations 9.5.3易位的后果220
9.5.4Mutation Hot Spots 9.5.4突變熱點221
9.6Mutation Repair 9.6突變修復(fù)222
9.6.1Direct Reversal 9.6.1直接回復(fù)223
9.6.2Mismatch Repair 9.6.2錯配修復(fù)223
9.6.3Nucleotide Excision Repair 9.6.3核苷酸切除修復(fù)225
9.6.4Base Excision Repair 9.6.4堿基切除修復(fù)227
9.6.5Double-Stranded Break Repair 9.6.5雙鏈斷裂修復(fù)228
9.7Experiments 9.7實驗研究230
9.7.1Nucleotide Excision Repair and Human Disease 9.7.1核苷酸切除修復(fù)與人類疾病230
9.7.2The Ames Test 9.7.2埃姆斯測驗法231
Summary 小結(jié)232
Vocabulary 詞匯232
Review Questions 習(xí)題233
Exploration Questions 思考題234
Chapter10Recombination 第10章重組235
10.1Homologous Recombination 10.1同源重組235
10.1.1Mechanism for Crossing-Over 10.1.1交換機理236
10.1.2Mechanism for Double-Stranded Break Repair 10.1.2雙鏈斷裂修復(fù)機理240
10.1.3The RecBCD Pathway 10.1.3RecBCD途徑241
10.1.4Gene Conversion 10.1.4基因轉(zhuǎn)換241
10.2Non-homologous Recombination 10.2非同源重組243
10.2.1Transposons 10.2.1轉(zhuǎn)座子243
10.2.2Retrotransposons 10.2.2反轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子249
10.2.3Bacteriophage λ Integration 10.2.3λ噬菌體的整合250
10.3Gene Editing 10.3基因編輯251
10.3.1ZFNs System 10.3.1ZFN系統(tǒng)251
10.3.2TALENs System 10.3.2TALEN系統(tǒng)253
10.3.3CRISPR/Cas System 10.3.3CRISPR/Cas系統(tǒng)254
Summary 小結(jié)257
Vocabulary 詞匯257
Review Questions 習(xí)題258
Exploration Questions 思考題258
Answers to Review Questions 習(xí)題答案259
Index(Chinese) 中文索引262
Index(English) 英文索引268
Glossary 名詞解釋274
References 參考文獻302