TCP/IP路由技術（第一卷 第二版 英文版）

Part I　Routing Basics　3
Chapter 1　TCP/IP Review　5
TCP/IP Protocol Layers　5
IP Packet Header　7
IPv4 Addresses　16
　First Octet Rule　18
　Address Masks　20
　Subnets and Subnet Masks　22
　Designing Subnets　24
　Breaking the Octet Boundary　25
　Troubleshooting a Subnet Mask　29
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)　30
　Proxy ARP　35
　Gratuitous ARP　36
　Reverse ARP　36
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)　37
Host-to-Host Layer　41
　TCP　41
　UDP　44
Looking Ahead　45
Summary Table: Chapter 1 Command Review　45
Recommended Reading　46
Review Questions　46
Configuration Exercises　47
Troubleshooting Exercises　47
Chapter 2　IPv6 Overview　49
IPv6 Addresses　50
　Address Representation　50
　IPv6 Address Types　52
　　Global Unicast Addresses　53
　　Identifying IPv6 Address Types　54
　　Local Unicast Addresses　55
　　Anycast Addresses　55
　　Multicast Addresses　56
　　Embedded IPv4 Addresses　58
IPv6 Packet Header Format　58
Extension Headers　60
ICMPv6　63
Neighbor Discovery Protocol　64
　NDP Messages　65
　Router Discovery　70
　Address Autoconfiguration　71
　Duplicate Address Detection　73
　Neighbor Address Resolution　74
　Privacy Addresses　75
　Neighbor Unreachability Detection　76
Looking Ahead　77
Review Questions　77
Chapter 3　Static Routing　81
Route Table　81
Configuring Static Routes　84
　Case Study: Simple IPv4 Static Routes　85
　Case Study: Simple IPv6 Static Routes　90
　Case Study: Summary Routes　94
　Case Study: Alternative Routes　96
　Case Study: Floating Static Routes　97
　Case Study: IPv6 Floating Static Routes　100
　Case Study: Load Sharing　102
　　Load Sharing and Cisco Express Forwarding　103
　　Per Destination Load Sharing and Fast Switching　105
　　Per Packet Load Sharing and Process Switching　105
　　Which Switching Method Will Be Used?　106
　Case Study: Recursive Table Lookups　107
Troubleshooting Static Routes　109
　Case Study: Tracing a Failed Route　109
　Case Study: A Protocol Conflict　112
　Case Study: A Replaced Router　116
　Case Study: Tracing An IPv6 Failed Route　120
Looking Ahead　122
Summary Table: Chapter 3 Command Review　123
Review Questions　124
Configuration Exercises　124
Troubleshooting Exercises　126
Chapter 4　Dynamic Routing Protocols　131
Routing Protocol Basics　131
　Path Determination　132
　Metrics　133
　　Hop Count　134
　　Bandwidth　134
　　Load　135
　　Delay　135
　　Reliability　135
　　Cost　135
　Convergence　135
　Load Balancing　137
Distance Vector Routing Protocols　137
　Common Characteristics　138
　　Periodic Updates　138
　　Neighbors　138
　　Broadcast Updates　138
　　Full Routing Table Updates　139
　Routing by Rumor　139
　Route Invalidation Timers　140
　Split Horizon　141
　Counting to Infinity　143
　Triggered Updates　144
　Holddown Timers　144
　Asynchronous Updates　145
Link State Routing Protocols　146
　Neighbors　147
　Link State Flooding　147
　　Sequence Numbers　148
　　Aging　153
　Link State Database　154
　SPF Algorithm　156
　Areas　160
Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols　160
Static or Dynamic Routing?　162
Looking Ahead　164
Recommended Reading　164
Review Questions　164
Part II　Interior Routing Protocols　167
Chapter 5　Routing Information Protocol (RIP)　169
Operation of RIP　170
　RIP Timers and Stability Features　170
　RIP Message Format　172
　Request Message Types　174
　Classful Routing　175
　　Classful Routing: Directly Connected Subnets　176
　　Classful Routing: Summarization at Boundary Routers　176
　　Classful Routing: Summary　178
Configuring RIP　178
　Case Study: A Basic RIP Configuration　178
　Case Study: Passive Interfaces　181
　Case Study: Configuring Unicast Updates　182
　Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets　184
　Case Study: Manipulating RIP Metrics　187
　Case Study: Minimizing the Impact of Updates　190
Troubleshooting RIP　193
Looking Ahead　193
Summary Table: Chapter 5 Command Review　193
Recommended Reading　194
Review Questions　194
Configuration Exercises　194
Troubleshooting Exercises　196
Chapter 6　RIPv2, RIPng, and Classless Routing　201
Operation of RIPv2　201
　RIPv2 Message Format　202
　Compatibility with RIPv1　205
　Classless Route Lookups　205
　Classless Routing Protocols　206
　Variable-Length Subnet Masking　206
　Authentication　210
Operation of RIPng　212
Configuring RIPv2　214
　Case Study: A Basic RIPv2 Configuration　215
　Case Study: Compatibility with RIPv1　215
　Case Study: Using VLSM　218
　Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets and Classless Routing　220
　Case Study: Authentication　222
Configuring RIPng　224
　Case Study: Basic RIPng Configuration　224
　Case Study: RIPng Process Customization　232
　Case Study: Metric Manipulation　233
　Case Study: Route Summarization　235
Troubleshooting RIPv2 and RIPng　236
　Case Study: Misconfigured VLSM　236
Looking Ahead　242
Summary Table: Chapter 6 Command Review　242
Recommended Reading　244
Review Questions　244
Configuration Exercises　244
Troubleshooting Exercises　246
Chapter 7　Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)　251
The Roots of EIGRP: An Overview of IGRP　251
　Process Domains　252
　IGRP Timers and Stability Features　254
　IGRP Metrics　255
From IGRP to EIGRP　261
Operation of EIGRP　263
　Protocol-Dependent Modules　263
　Reliable Transport Protocol　264
　Neighbor Discovery/Recovery　265
　Diffusing Update Algorithm　266
　　DUAL: Preliminary Concepts　267
　　DUAL Finite State Machine　273
　　Diffusing Computation: Example 1　276
　　Diffusing Computation: Example 2　280
　EIGRP Packet Formats　287
　　EIGRP Packet Header　288
　　General TLV Fields　289
　　IP-Specific TLV Fields　290
　Address Aggregation　293
　EIGRP and IPv6　297
Configuring EIGRP　297
　Case Study: A Basic EIGRP Configuration　297
　Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing　299
　Case Study: Setting Maximum Paths　302
　Case Study: Multiple EIGRP Processes　305
　Case Study: Disabling Automatic Summarization　307
　Case Study: Stub Routing　309
　Case Study: Address Summarization　315
Authentication　316
　Troubleshooting EIGRP　317
　Case Study: A Missing Neighbor　318
Stuck-in-Active Neighbors　323
Looking Ahead　328
Summary Table: Chapter 7 Command Review　328
Review Questions　329
Configuration Exercises　330
Troubleshooting Exercises　332
Chapter 8　OSPFv2　335
Operation of OSPF　336
　Neighbors and Adjacencies　337
　　Hello Protocol　338
　　Network Types　339
　　Designated Routers and Backup Designated Routers　340
　　OSPF Interfaces　344
　　OSPF Neighbors　350
　　Flooding　363
　Areas　367
　　Router Types　369
　　Partitioned Areas　371
　　Virtual Links　373
　Link-State Database　374
　　LSA Types　377
　　Stub Areas　386
　Route Table　389
　　Destination Types　390
　　Path Types　391
　　Route Table Lookups　393
　Authentication　393
　OSPF over Demand Circuits　393
　OSPF Packet Formats　395
　　Packet Header　396
　　Hello Packet　398
　　Database Description Packet　399
　　Link State Request Packet　400
　　Link State Update Packet　401
　　Link State Acknowledgment Packet　402
　OSPF LSA Formats　402
　　LSA Header　403
　　Router LSA　403
　　Network LSA　406
　　Network and ASBR Summary LSAs　407
　　Autonomous System External LSA　408
　NSSA External LSA　409
　　Options Field　410
Configuring OSPF　411
　Case Study: A Basic OSPF Configuration　411
　Case Study: Setting Router IDs with Loopback Interfaces　414
　Case Study: Domain Name Service Lookups　417
　Case Study: OSPF and Secondary Addresses　418
　Case Study: Stub Areas　423
　Case Study: Totally Stubby Areas　426
　Case Study: Not-So-Stubby Areas　428
　Case Study: Address Summarization　435
　Case Study: Filtering Between Areas　441
　Case Study: Authentication　441
　Case Study: Virtual Links　444
　Case Study: OSPF on NBMA Networks　446
　Case Study: OSPF over Demand Circuits　454
Troubleshooting OSPF　455
　Case Study: An Isolated Area　460
　Case Study: Misconfigured Summarization　463
Looking Ahead　466
Summary Table: Chapter 8 Command Review　466
Recommended Reading　469
Review Questions　469
Configuration Exercises　470
Troubleshooting Exercises　472
Chapter 9　OSPFv3　477
Operation of OSPFv3　477
　OSPFv3 Differences from OSPFv2　478
　OSPFv3 Messages　479
　An Overview of OSPFv3 LSAs　481
　OSPFv3 LSA Formats　484
　　The Router LSA　484
　　Network LSA　486
　　Inter-Area Prefix LSA　486
　　Inter-Area Router LSA　487
　　AS-External LSA　488
　　Link LSA　489
　　Intra-Area Prefix LSA　491
　　Options Field　493
Configuring OSPFv3　494
　Case Study: A Basic OSPFv3 Configuration　494
　Case Study: Stub Areas　497
　Case Study: Multiple Instances on a Link　499
　Case Study: OSPFv3 on NBMA Networks　500
Troubleshooting OSPFv3　506
　Case Study: Frame-Relay Mapping　506
Looking Ahead　509
Summary Table: Chapter 9 Command Review　509
Recommended Reading　510
Review Questions　510
Configuration Exercises　511
Chapter 10　Integrated IS-IS　513
Operation of Integrated IS-IS　515
　IS-IS Areas　516
　Network Entity Titles　519
　IS-IS Functional Organization　521
　　Subnetwork Dependent Functions　521
　　Subnetwork Independent Functions　526
　IS-IS PDU Formats　534
　　TLV Fields　536
　　IS-IS Hello PDU Format　539
　　IS-IS Link State PDU Format　546
　　IS-IS Sequence Numbers PDU Format　552
　Extensions to IS-IS　554
　　3-Way Handshaking　555
　　Domain-Wide Prefix Distribution　556
　　Wide Metrics　558
　　Routing IPv6 with IS-IS　560
　　Dynamic Hostname Exchange　562
　　Multiple Topologies　562
　　Mesh Groups　566
　Flooding Delays　571
　Improving SPF Efficiency　573
Configuring Integrated IS-IS　574
　Case Study: A Basic IPv4 Integrated IS-IS Configuration　574
　Case Study: Changing the Router Types　579
　Case Study: An Area Migration　581
　Case Study: Route Summarization　585
　Case Study: Authentication　587
　Case Study: A Basic Integrated IS-IS Configuration for IPv6　591
　Case Study: Transition to Multiple Topology Mode　596
　Case Study: Route Leaking Between Levels　598
　Case Study: Multiple L1 Areas Active on A Router　604
Troubleshooting Integrated IS-IS　606
　Troubleshooting IS-IS Adjacencies　607
　Troubleshooting the IS-IS Link-State Database　610
　Case Study: Integrated IS-IS on NBMA Networks　615
Looking Ahead　619
Summary Table: Chapter 10 Command Review　619
Review Questions　623
Configuration Exercises　624
Troubleshooting Exercises　626
Part III　Route Control and Interoperability　629
Chapter 11　Route Redistribution　631
Principles of Redistribution　632
　Metrics　633
　Administrative Distances　633
　Redistributing from Classless to Classful Protocols　639
Configuring Redistribution　642
　Case Study: Redistributing IGRP and RIP　645
　Case Study: Redistributing EIGRP and OSPF　646
　Case Study: Redistribution and Route Summarization　651
　Case Study: Redistributing OSPFv3 and RIPng　657
　Case Study: Redistributing IS-IS and RIP/RIPng　663
　Case Study: Redistributing Static Routes　669
Looking Ahead　672
Summary Table: Chapter 11 Command Review　672
Review Questions　673
Configuration Exercises　673
Troubleshooting Exercises　674
Chapter 12　Default Routes and On-Demand Routing　677
Fundamentals of Default Routes　677
Fundamentals of On-Demand Routing　680
Configuring Default Routes and ODR　681
　Case Study: Static Default Routes　682
　Case Study: The Default-Network Command　687
　Case Study: The Default-Information Originate Command　691
　Case Study: Configuring On-Demand Routing　697
Looking Ahead　698
Summary Table: Chapter 12 Command Review　698
Review Questions　699
Chapter 13　Route Filtering　701
Configuring Route Filters　702
　Case Study: Filtering Specific Routes　703
　Case Study: Route Filtering and Redistribution　708
　Case Study: A Protocol Migration　711
　Case Study: Multiple Redistribution Points　716
　Case Study: Using Administrative Distances to Set Router Preferences　722
Looking Ahead　724
Summary Table: Chapter 13 Command Review　724
Configuration Exercises　724
Troubleshooting Exercises　727
Chapter 14　Route Maps　731
Basic Uses of Route Maps　731
Configuring Route Maps　734
　Case Study: Policy Routing　737
　Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing　744
　Case Study: Route Maps and Redistribution　747
　Case Study: Route Tagging　752
　Case Study: Filtering Tagged Routes Out of OSPF Route Table　757
　Case Study: IPv6 Redistribution with Route Maps　759
Looking Ahead　761
Summary Table: Chapter 14 Command Review　761
Review Questions　763
Configuration Exercises　763
Troubleshooting Exercise　764
Part IV　Appendixes　767
Appendix A　Tutorial: Working with Binary and Hex　769
Appendix B　Tutorial: Access Lists　775
Appendix C　CCIE Preparation Tips　803
Appendix D　Answers to Review Questions　809
Appendix E　Solutions to Configuration Exercises　827
Appendix F　Solutions to Troubleshooting Exercises　881
Index　887