PrefacebyHalliday
王宗炎序
導讀
Prefacetothesecondedition
Prefacetothefirstedition
1Introduction
1.1Sociolinguistics
1.1.1Adescription
1.1.2Sociolinguisticsandlinguistics
1.1.3Sociolinguisticsandthesociologyoflanguage
1.2Sociolinguisticphenomena
1.2.1Animaginaryworld
1.2.2Arealbutexoticworld
1.2.3Arealandfamiliarworld
1.3Speakersandcommunities
1.3.1Conformityandindividualism
1.3.2Thesociolinguisticdevelopmentofthechild
1.4Summaryandconclusions
2Varietiesoflanguage
2.1Introduction
2.1.1Globalandspecificstatements
2.1.2Linguisticitems
2.1.3Varietiesoflanguage
2.1.4''Speechcommunities''
2.2Languages
2.2.1''Language''and''dialect''
2.2.2Standardlanguages
2.2.3Thedelimitationoflanguages
2.2.4Thefamilytreemodel
2.3Dialects
2.3.1Regionaldialectsandisogiosses
2.3.2Diffusionandthewavetheory
2.3.3Socialdialects
2.3.4Typesoflinguisticitem
2.4Registers
2.4.1Registersanddialects
2.4.2Diglossia
2.5Mixtureofvarieties
2.5.1Code-switching
2.5.2Code-mixing
2.5.3Borrowing
2.5.4Pidgins
2.5.5Creoles
2.6Conclusions
3Language,cultureandthought
3.1Introduction
3.1.2Culture
3.1.2Thought
3.1.3Language,cultureandthought
3.2Linguisticandculturalrelativity
3.2.1Semanticrelativity
3.2.2Prototypes
3.2.3Basic-levelconcepts
3.2.4Conclusions
3.3Languageandthought
3.3.1Languageandsocialisation
3.3.2TheSapir-Whorfhypothesis
3.3.3Sexisminthelanguagesystem
3.4Generalconclusions
4Speechassocialinteraction
4.1Thesocialnatureofspeech
4.1.1Introduction
4.1.2Theclassificationofspeech
4.1.3Speechasskilledwork
4.1.4Thenormsgoverningspeech
4.1.5Conclusion
4.2Speechasasignalofsocialidentity
4.2.1Non-relationalsocialcategories
4.2.2Powerandsolidarity
4.2.3Linguisticsignalsofpowerandsolidarity
4.3Thestructureofspeech
4.3.1Entriesandexits
4.3.2Otherkindsofstructureinspeech
4.4Verbalandnon-verbalbehaviour
4.4.1Relation-markers
4.4.2Structure-markers
4.4.3Content-markers
4.5Male/femaledifferencesinspeech
5Thequantitativestudyofspeech
5.1Introduction
5.1.1Thescopeofquantitativestudiesofspeech
5.1.2Whystudyspeechquantitatively
5.2Methodology
5.2.1Problemsofmethodology
5.2.2Anexample:NewYork
5.2.3Anexample:Norwich
5.2.4Anexample:Belfast
5.2.5Anexample:Cardiff
5.2.6Anexample:Detroit
5.3Linguisticvariables
5.3.1Typesofvariable
5.3.2Calculatingscoresfortexts
5.3.3Calculatingscoresforindividualsandgroups
5.4Influencesonlinguisticvariables
5.4.1Linguisticcontext
5.4.2Thespeaker''sgroupmembership
5.4.3Thespeaker''sdegreeofgroupmembership
5.4.4Thespeaker''ssex
5.4.5Thesituationand''style''
5.5Summary
6Linguisticandsocialinequality
6.1Linguisticinequality
6.1.1Introduction
6.1.2Threetypesoflinguisticinequality
6.2Subjectiveinequality
6.2.1Language-basedprejudice
6.2.2Evaluationoflanguage
6.2.3Stereotypesandhowtostudythem
6.2.4Prejudiceofteachers
6.2.5Prejudiceofpupils
6.3Linguisticincompetence:strictlylinguisticinequality
6.4Communicativeincompetence:inequalityincommunication
7Theoreticalsummary
7.1Introduction
7.2Thesocialfunctionsoflanguage
7.2.1Face
7.2.2Solidarityandaccommodation
7.2.3Networksandmultiplemodels
7.2.4Socialtypesandactsofidentity
7.2.5Power
7.2.6Analoguerelationshipsandvariability
7.3Thestructureoflanguage
7.3.1Background
7.3.2Thehistoryoftheisolationoflanguage
7.3.3Evidenceagainsttheisolationoflanguage
7.3.4Twofurthersourcesofvariability
7.3.5Implicationsfortheoriesoflanguagestructure
Bibliography
Index
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